To help Ukraine reduce energy loss and consumption in its cities, the U.S. Aid for International Development (USAID) launched the four-year $18.5 million Municipal Heating Reform (MHR) project in February 2009. The MHR project was designed to help Ukraine create a financially viable and sustainable municipal heating sector that delivers quality services to residences, public institutions, and local businesses and industries. USAID needed an evaluation of the MHR project’s mid-term performance.